February is National Heart Month, a month-long observance dedicated to raising awareness about heart health, promoting physical activity, and encouraging healthier lifestyles to reduce the risks associated with heart disease. As the leading cause of death globally, cardiovascular disease continues to affect millions, but there is a powerful tool in our control to combat this: cardiovascular exercise.
Cardio exercise, which includes activities like running, cycling, swimming, rowing, cardio classes or even brisk walking, is one of the most effective ways to strengthen the heart and prevent heart disease. During National Heart Month, it is the perfect time to reflect on how essential cardio is for maintaining a healthy heart. Read on as we explore several proven, research-backed benefits of cardio for heart health.
- Cardio Strengthens the Heart Muscle
Just like any other muscle, your heart becomes stronger with regular exercise. When you engage in cardiovascular activities, your heart has to work harder to pump blood, which over time, strengthens the heart muscle itself. A stronger heart pumps more efficiently, reducing the effort needed to circulate blood throughout your body.
According to a study published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, regular aerobic exercise leads to improvements in heart function. This enhanced efficiency helps lower the risk of developing heart disease or experiencing heart-related complications.
- Cardio Lowers Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is one of the primary risk factors for heart disease, but cardio can help manage and lower it. Regular aerobic exercise promotes the dilation of blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing the force exerted on the walls of the arteries. This reduces the strain on your heart, which can lead to a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Research from the American Heart Association (AHA) reveals that consistent cardiovascular exercise can lower systolic blood pressure by up to 9 mmHg, which significantly reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular issues.
- Cardio Improves Cholesterol Levels
Regular cardio exercise is highly effective at improving cholesterol profiles. Engaging in aerobic activities can help raise HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, also known as “good” cholesterol, while lowering LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol.
A study in Circulation demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise results in favorable changes in cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries—a condition known as atherosclerosis that can lead to heart disease. By increasing HDL cholesterol, cardio helps clear excess LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
- Cardio Reduces Inflammation and Improves Circulation
Cardio plays a significant role in reducing inflammation, a key contributor to heart disease. Systemic inflammation can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, raising the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Regular exercise, however, has been shown to reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, an inflammation marker associated with cardiovascular disease.
Research published in The Journal of Physiology shows that cardiovascular exercise improves blood circulation, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to the heart and other tissues while removing waste products. This enhanced circulation helps reduce the risk of blood clots, one of the major contributors to heart attacks and strokes.
- Cardio Helps Maintain a Healthy Weight
Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most effective ways to protect your heart. Excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, is linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance, all of which contribute to heart disease.
According to research in Obesity Reviews, engaging in regular cardio exercise is one of the best ways to maintain a healthy weight. Aerobic activities help burn calories, reduce body fat, and improve metabolic function.
- Cardio Reduces the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for heart disease, but cardio exercise can help reduce the risk of developing this condition. By improving insulin sensitivity, cardio helps regulate blood sugar levels and prevents the spikes that contribute to diabetes.
A study published in The Lancet found that engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise significantly lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which also decreases the likelihood of developing heart disease. This is especially important since individuals with diabetes are at a much higher risk of experiencing heart-related complications.
- Cardio Improves Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) refers to the variation in time between heartbeats, and it is a marker of heart health. A high HRV indicates that the heart is more adaptable and can recover quickly from stress, both physical and emotional. Regular cardiovascular exercise has been shown to improve HRV, signaling better cardiovascular health and a lower risk of heart disease.
A study in European Journal of Applied Physiology highlighted that aerobic exercise significantly increases HRV, showing that individuals who engage in regular cardio have a more resilient heart capable of handling stress more effectively.
- Cardio Reduces Stress and Boosts Mood
Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for heart disease, but cardiovascular exercise can help alleviate stress. Physical activity triggers the release of endorphins, the body’s natural mood-enhancing chemicals, which help reduce feelings of anxiety and stress.
Research published in The American Journal of Cardiology suggests that regular cardio exercise reduces stress, enhances mood, and helps protect the heart from the harmful effects of long-term stress. By incorporating cardio into your routine, you can improve your emotional well-being and lower the risks associated with chronic stress.
- Cardio Improves Sleep and Heart Health
Good quality sleep is vital for heart health. Cardiovascular exercise helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. Sleep deprivation has been linked to higher risks of high blood pressure, heart disease, and obesity.
A study published in Sleep Health found that individuals who engage in regular cardio exercise enjoy better sleep quality, which supports heart health and reduces cardiovascular risks. Restful sleep allows the heart to recover and function optimally.
A moderate amount of cardiovascular exercise is recommended and refers to physical activity that increases your heart rate and breathing, but you are still able to carry on a conversation. It is generally recognized as being at an intensity level that is more than light or casual activity, but not as strenuous as vigorous exercise.
In terms of guidelines:
- Duration: The American Heart Association and other health organizations recommend 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. This can be broken down into 30 minutes, five days a week.
- Intensity: The exercise should raise your heart rate and make you breathe more heavily than usual, but you should not feel overly exhausted. Examples include brisk walking, cycling at a moderate pace, dancing, or water aerobics.
- Heart rate: Moderate exercise is often defined as activities that bring your heart rate to 50-70% of your maximum heart rate (which can be roughly estimated by subtracting your age from 220).
Conclusion: The Heart-Healthy Power of Cardio
National Heart Month provides an excellent opportunity to focus on the importance of cardiovascular exercise and its profound effects on heart health. From strengthening the heart muscle and lowering blood pressure to improving cholesterol levels, reducing inflammation, managing weight and improve sleep, cardio is one of the most powerful tools for preventing heart disease and enhancing overall health.
This February, make the commitment to prioritize physical activity, and use the power of cardio to protect your heart, improve your well-being, and lead a healthier, longer life.
So, let’s get moving this National Heart Month and beyond—your heart will thank you!
Blog Post by FitPlan Group Fitness Instructor Ally Wilson